Author: Tusty ten Bensel, School of Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock - ResearchGate

Abstract: »Previous research on sexual violence has focused on individual-level behaviors that typically include a single victim in an isolated event. Criminologists have failed to examine sexual violence as a grouplevel phenomenon, which is often exhibited during war. For this study, case study methodology was used to analyze court transcripts from the United Nations, detailing the conflict of Sierra Leone. By utilizing the framing perspective, the purpose of this study was to determine the nature of sexual violence during war, focusing specifically on whether the evolution of sex offending motivations changes overtime. A better understanding of how sex offending becomes a group behavior will expand the current literature on collective and sexual violence, identify preconflict indicators of collective sexual violence, and provide strategies for postconflict mediations in warring countries.« (Source: International Criminal Justice Review)

Contents:

	Abstract (p. 59)
	Introduction (p. 59)
	The Framing of Sexual Behavior (p. 61)
		Sexual Violence During War (p. 61)
	Data and Methods (p. 64)
	Description of the Case: Sierra Leone (p. 66)
		Phase I: Freedom Fighters (1991-1993) (p. 66)
		Phase II: Guerilla Warfare (1994-1997) (p. 69)
		Phase III: Operation No Living Thing (1998-2002) (p. 72)
	Discussion and Conclusion (p. 74)
		Action-Oriented Frames (p. 74)
		Interactive Process (Discursive) (p. 75)
	Acknowledgment (p. 76)
	Declaration of Conflicting Interests (p. 77)
	Funding (p. 77)
	Notes (p. 77)
	References (p. 77)
	Author Biography (p. 81)

Wikipedia: History of Africa: History of Sierra Leone | Sex and the law: Wartime sexual violence | War: Sierra Leonean Civil War / Rape during the Sierra Leone Civil War